A questionnaire was sent to the chief surgeons at 141 Swiss hospitals to evaluate their knowledge and acceptance of telemedicine in surgery. The response rate was 69%. Ninety-three per cent of all surgical departments used computer technology, 85% regularly used the Web and 88% had an internal hospital network. ISDN lines were used in 58% of the participants' hospitals. While 35% of respondents had participated at least once in networking, only 8% regularly used telemedicine. The opinion was that access to therapeutic advice (87%) was a better use of telemedicine than was obtaining a primary diagnosis (24%), although the majority accepted the principle of making (91%) and receiving (94%) a remote diagnosis. The survey suggested that surgeons are interested in telemedicine and open to its development, although their experience and knowledge are limited. Therefore, telemedicine in surgery may be advanced by creating surgical networks for teleconsultation and tele-education.