[Excerpt from introduction] This chapter outlines a programmatic proposal linking neuroscience, medicine, gender, and society, with consequences for research, training, and action. I suggest we work with what I call a 'dissensus framework,' i.e. a critical framework centered on the study of conflicts and controversies, including their absence, unsuccessful controversies, etc. I explore how we could work with a dissensus framework, taking as an illustration the controversial question of which is the most important sex organ for gender identity formation in intersex people: their brain or their genitals? I then consider how to make a controversy and conflict-centered analysis relevant to social scientific interventions in the current debates about best practice issues in the clinical management of intersex conditions. Reflecting on the productive tensions surrounding training and multidisciplinary team-building that we have been working out since 2005 in Lausanne to improve standards of care, I end up proposing a new project that captures my overall argument: organizing the first 'Dissensus Conference' to follow up on the controversial 2005 "International Consensus Conference on Intersex," and the no less controversial "Consensus Statement on Management of Intersex Disorders" issued in 2006.