Immigration is a predominant subject in political debates today. While some politicians and media portray immigration as economically beneficial and as culturally enriching, others view immigration as a threat to national identities, security as well as to the economy. Immigration policies implemented by governments over the last decades convey social norms that shape the social climate in which immigration takes place. Nevertheless, people react to the surrounding social climate in different ways. For example, reinforcement of border controls during the ongoing so-called immigration crisis can legitimize an exclusionary stance towards immigration, but it can also elicit compassion towards suffering refugees. Members of national majorities further differ in their preferences for integration models (such as assimilation, colour blindness or multiculturalism). Immigrants, in turn, face the challenge of adapting to a new cultural context and living environment. They need to deal with the demands and reactions of the host society as well as the expectations of members of their country of origin. Analysing the current challenges and opportunities brought on by immigration, this special issue brings together research examining the point of view of immigrants and national majority members, while simultaneously considering intersecting identities (gender-ethnicity, naturalised citizens).