Three chromonocoumarins ( =6H, 7H-[1]benzopyrano[4,3-b][1]benzopyran-6,7-diones) 1–3 have been isolated from the leaves and the root bark of polygala fruticosa BERG. (syn. Polygala oppositifoliaL.; Polygalaceae). The structure of frutinone A (1) was established by X-ray diffraction analysis. The structures of the previously undescribed compounds frutinone B (2) and C (3) were deduced by spectroscopic methods (EI-MS, UV, IR, 1H-and 13C-NMR, including NOE and COSY) in comparison with 1. Chromonocoumarins 1–3 are the first representatives of a new type of naturally occurring compounds. Frutinone A shows strong fungicidal activity against Cladosporium cucumerinum.