Multifaceted roles of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) at the cellular and whole organism levels.

Détails

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Etat: Public
Version: Final published version
ID Serval
serval:BIB_31B922B23A31
Type
Article: article d'un périodique ou d'un magazine.
Sous-type
Synthèse (review): revue aussi complète que possible des connaissances sur un sujet, rédigée à partir de l'analyse exhaustive des travaux publiés.
Collection
Publications
Institution
Titre
Multifaceted roles of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) at the cellular and whole organism levels.
Périodique
Swiss Medical Weekly
Auteur⸱e⸱s
Yessoufou A., Wahli W.
ISSN
1424-3997 (Electronic)
ISSN-L
0036-7672
Statut éditorial
Publié
Date de publication
2010
Volume
140
Pages
w13071
Langue
anglais
Résumé
Chronic disorders, such as obesity, diabetes, inflammation, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and atherosclerosis, are related to alterations in lipid and glucose metabolism, in which peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR)α, PPARβ/δ and PPARγ are involved. These receptors form a subgroup of ligand-activated transcription factors that belong to the nuclear hormone receptor family. This review discusses a selection of novel PPAR functions identified during the last few years. The PPARs regulate processes that are essential for the maintenance of pregnancy and embryonic development. Newly found hepatic functions of PPARα are the mediation of female-specific gene repression and the protection of the liver from oestrogen induced toxicity. PPARα also controls lipid catabolism and is the target of hypolipidaemic drugs, whereas PPARγ controls adipocyte differentiation and regulates lipid storage; it is the target for the insulin sensitising thiazolidinediones used to treat type 2 diabetes. Activation of PPARβ/δ increases lipid catabolism in skeletal muscle, the heart and adipose tissue. In addition, PPARβ/δ ligands prevent weight gain and suppress macrophage derived inflammation. In fact, therapeutic benefits of PPAR ligands have been confirmed in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, such as encephalomyelitis and inflammatory bowel disease. Furthermore, PPARs promote skin wound repair. PPARα favours skin healing during the inflammatory phase that follows injury, whilst PPARβ/δ enhances keratinocyte survival and migration. Due to their collective functions in skin, PPARs represent a major research target for our understanding of many skin diseases. Taken altogether, these functions suggest that PPARs serve as physiological sensors in different stress situations and remain valuable targets for innovative therapies.
Mots-clé
Animals, Autoimmune Diseases/genetics, Autoimmune Diseases/physiopathology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology, Embryonic Development/genetics, Embryonic Development/physiology, Female, Gene Expression Regulation/genetics, Gene Expression Regulation/physiology, Humans, Hyperlipidemias/genetics, Hyperlipidemias/physiopathology, Inflammation/genetics, Inflammation/physiopathology, Liver/physiopathology, Metabolic Syndrome X/genetics, Metabolic Syndrome X/physiopathology, Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors/genetics, Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors/physiology, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Maintenance/genetics, Pregnancy Maintenance/physiology, Repressor Proteins/genetics, Repressor Proteins/physiology, Sex Characteristics, Skin Diseases/genetics, Skin Diseases/physiopathology, Wound Healing/genetics, Wound Healing/physiology
Pubmed
Web of science
Open Access
Oui
Création de la notice
10/03/2011 12:02
Dernière modification de la notice
20/08/2019 13:17
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