The COVID-19 pandemic underlines how vulnerable our societies are to health and economic shocks. It reveals and exacerbates existing inequalities in terms of health status, income, or employment. In Switzerland, as well as globally, most socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals are also the most exposed and vulnerable to the virus, both at work and in their homes. Our aim is to describe the mechanisms through which the pandemic has disproportionally affected some groups of the population. We are particularly interested in the concentration of health and economic risks in specific households and in the public policies implemented to fight the pandemic on the health front while attempting to reduce its economic impact.