We are investigating metabolism and morphological differentiation of the developing brain in neonates and children under non-invasive conditions combining MR imaging (MRI) with spectroscopy (MRS) on a high-field/small-bore (2.35 Tesla/40 cm) system. By the end of 1987, 116 neonates, infants and young children with various perinatal problems, congenital abnormalities and different neurological diseases have been examined with MRI. In addition, MRS studies were subsequently performed on 46 of these children using the same instrument and within the same session. The small, sometimes very sick and instable patients require careful monitoring and elaborate technical devices in the high magnetic field. We are presenting solutions for methodological and technical developments and adaptations, concepts for sedation and measurement protocols in various age groups and first results of the combined use of MRI and MRS to investigate the brain in neonates and infants.