Major burns develop acute trace element (TE) deficiencies due to exudative losses of copper, selenium, and zinc from the wounds. A repletion strategy has been shown to decrease infectious and surgical complications. The TE doses have been adapted over time and the last adaptation, was not followed by the expected changes. The study aims at identifying the causes of the failure.
Retrospective cohort study including critically ill major burns patients admitted to intensive care with burns exceeding 20% of body surface area (BSA). Period A (2011-2015) included patients admitted before the dose change, and Period B patients after (2017-2020). Demographic variables, daily TE delivery, and weekly TE blood levels were extracted from the computerized information system (CIS).
Altogether 71 patients completed the inclusion criteria (Periods A and B: 42 and 29 patients respectively). They were aged 38 (32) years and burned 35 (30) % BSA, with no severity differences. Comparing periods A and B, copper (p = 0.046) and selenium (p = 0.031) blood levels were significantly lower in B. The dose value extracted from CIS was as planned. Customization error was found: TE salts' weight had been entered instead of elemental weight in molar units.
The lower TE repletion doses administered since 2017 resulted in a significant decrease in blood levels of Cu and Se. A CIS customisation error, confusing salt weight and elemental weight was the source of the error. A systematic quality control is crucial to identify systemic errors, as is the use of the standard international units.