Evidence-based practice and quality improvement should be at the heart of healthcare and public health. However, their implementation remains insufficient which is reflected in Switzerland in the high frequency of low-value care, in the wide regional variation in care practices, and in the absence of quality monitoring for the majority of healthcare processes. It is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of quality, particularly that perceived by patients, to help strengthening high-value and patient centered care. Because data do not speak for themselves, it is critical to organize how to use indicators for decision.