Epilepsy is rather common, affecting 0.5 to 2% of the population. Numerous patients, particularly those resistant to the antiepileptic therapy, can be surgically treated after a thorough evaluation. Surgery for epilepsy can be carried out either under general or local anaesthesia with sedation. This second approach is reserved for the extirpation of foci localised in motor, sensory or language areas. During the preoperative anaesthetic evaluation, two specific points have to be taken into account: the psychological aspect and the antiepileptic medication. During the procedure, an electrocorticography with or without stimulation may be indicated, particularly when a perioperative stimulation is scheduled. Low doses of volatile agents are chosen, and no curare and large doses of benzodiazepines and barbiturates. Awakening takes place on the operation table for a rapid and reliable neurological evaluation. During procedures performed under local anaesthesia, the anaesthetist must be ready at any time to intubate the patient in order to secure the airway.