Neuronal survival is influenced by the redox environment, and it has been shown that antioxidants protect developing neurons from the effects of axotomy. Here, we show that the intraocular injection of salicylic acid (SA) reduces the number of dying axotomized ganglion cells in the chick embryo. The antioxidant properties of SA are probably responsible for its protective effects, whose U-shaped dose-dependency matches that of several other antioxidants. We conclude that SA protects axotomized neurons by maintaining the redox status near an optimal set-point.