Acute or chronic leg pain is a common reason for consultation. It is not a specific symptom and several potential causes have to be considered. Both functional and vital prognosis can be engaged. The diagnosis is often based on patient history and clinical examination, whereas the overuse of complementary investigations can lead to confusion. A good knowledge of anatomy, as well as the different etiologic entities, is essential to evaluate acute or chronic leg pain and to guide the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.