We report several new localities of common toads from northern Iran. Based on the study of external morphology and a fragment of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene, the Iranian common toads were identified as Bufo eichwaldi. Maximum entropy modelling was used to estimate the effects of altitude, precipitation and temperature on the distribution of B. eichwaldi. The distribution of the species is linked to a forest zone on the slopes of the Talysh and Elburz mountains.