Tuberculosis contact investigation and short-course preventive therapy among young children in Africa.
Details
Serval ID
serval:BIB_DB9731D5393E
Type
Article: article from journal or magazin.
Collection
Publications
Institution
Title
Tuberculosis contact investigation and short-course preventive therapy among young children in Africa.
Journal
The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease
ISSN
1815-7920 (Electronic)
ISSN-L
1027-3719
Publication state
Published
Issued date
01/04/2020
Peer-reviewed
Oui
Volume
24
Number
4
Pages
452-460
Language
english
Notes
Publication types: Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Publication Status: ppublish
Publication Status: ppublish
Abstract
SETTING: The largest cities in Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon and Central African Republic.OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the feasibility and document the effectiveness of household contact investigation and preventive therapy in resource-limited settings.DESIGN: Children under 5 years living at home with adults with bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) were screened using questionnaire, clinical examination, tuberculin skin test and chest X-ray. Children free of active TB were offered preventive treatment with a 3-month rifampicin-isoniazid (3RH) or 6-month isoniazid (6H) regimen in Benin. Children were followed-up monthly during treatment, then quarterly over 1 year. Costs of transportation, phone contacts and chest X-rays were covered.RESULTS: A total of 1965 children were enrolled, of whom 56 (2.8%) had prevalent TB at inclusion. Among the 1909 children free of TB, 1745 (91%) started preventive therapy, 1642 (94%) of whom completed treatment. Mild adverse reactions, mostly gastrointestinal, were reported in 2% of children. One case of incident TB, possibly due to a late TB infection, was reported after completing the 3RH regimen.CONCLUSION: Contact investigation and preventive therapy were successfully implemented in these resource-limited urban settings in programmatic conditions with few additional resources. The 3RH regimen is a valuable alternative to 6H for preventing TB.
Keywords
Adult, Benin/epidemiology, Burkina Faso, Cameroon/epidemiology, Child, Child, Preschool, Contact Tracing, Humans, Isoniazid/therapeutic use, Tuberculosis/diagnosis, Tuberculosis/drug therapy, Tuberculosis/epidemiology
Pubmed
Web of science
Create date
25/04/2020 17:33
Last modification date
19/12/2023 10:37