Risikokommunikation bei Brustkrebsfrüherkennung und Hormonersatztherapie. [Risk communication in the early identification of breast cancer and hormone-replacement therapy]
Details
Serval ID
serval:BIB_D68839D572C9
Type
Article: article from journal or magazin.
Collection
Publications
Institution
Title
Risikokommunikation bei Brustkrebsfrüherkennung und Hormonersatztherapie. [Risk communication in the early identification of breast cancer and hormone-replacement therapy]
Journal
Zeitschrift für Gesundheitspsychologie
ISSN
0943-8149
Publication state
Published
Issued date
2003
Peer-reviewed
Oui
Volume
11
Number
3
Pages
76-86
Language
german
Abstract
Kommunikation von Risiken beinhaltet oft eine Vermittlung von Statistiken. Ein Überblick über eine Reihe von Studien mit Laien und Experten ergibt, dass die Form, wie mathematisch äquivalente Risikoinformation kommuniziert wird, das Verständnis maßgeblich beeinflusst. Wurden die Prävalenz einer Krankheit (z.B. Brustkrebs) und die Güte eines medizinischen Tests (z.B. Mammographie) in Form von Wahrscheinlichkeiten kommuniziert, konnten nur ca. 15% der Probanden die Bedeutung eines positiven Testbefunds richtig einschätzen. Bei Verwendung natürlicher Häufigkeiten, wie sie sich durch die Auszählung von beobachteten Einzelfällen in einer natürlichen Umgebung ergeben, waren es 50%. Ebenso ergeben frühere Studien zur Teilnahmebereitschaft an Screeningprogrammen, dass die Kommunikation des Nutzens eines solchen Programms in Form der absoluten versus relativen Risikoreduktion einen Effekt hat. Die hier berichtete Studie zur Brustkrebsfrüherkennung konnte diesen allerdings nicht replizieren. Abschließend werden Risiken und Nutzen der Hormonersatztherapie vorgestellt sowie Ergebnisse einer Umfrage berichtet, die Defizite beim Verständnis der relativen und absoluten Risikoreduktion in diesem Kontext aufgezeigt hat.
Communication of risks often involves communication of statistics. An overview of studies with laypeople and experts shows that the way mathematically equivalent information about risks is communicated significantly affects understanding. When the prevalence of a disease (e.g., breast cancer) and the accuracy of a medical test (e.g., mammography) were communicated in terms of probabilities, only about 15% of participants could correctly infer the meaning of a positive test result. When the same information was communicated in terms of natural frequencies (which result from observation of cases that have been representatively drawn from a natural environment), about 50% were able to do so. Similarly, an overview of studies on willingness to participate in screening programs shows that communicating the benefit of such a program in terms of absolute versus relative risk reduction has an influence on decisions. However, this effect could not be replicated in the study on breast cancer screening reported here. Finally, the risks and benefits of hormone replacement therapy are discussed, and results of a study that has revealed deficits in understanding the difference between absolute and relative risks in this context are reported.
Communication of risks often involves communication of statistics. An overview of studies with laypeople and experts shows that the way mathematically equivalent information about risks is communicated significantly affects understanding. When the prevalence of a disease (e.g., breast cancer) and the accuracy of a medical test (e.g., mammography) were communicated in terms of probabilities, only about 15% of participants could correctly infer the meaning of a positive test result. When the same information was communicated in terms of natural frequencies (which result from observation of cases that have been representatively drawn from a natural environment), about 50% were able to do so. Similarly, an overview of studies on willingness to participate in screening programs shows that communicating the benefit of such a program in terms of absolute versus relative risk reduction has an influence on decisions. However, this effect could not be replicated in the study on breast cancer screening reported here. Finally, the risks and benefits of hormone replacement therapy are discussed, and results of a study that has revealed deficits in understanding the difference between absolute and relative risks in this context are reported.
Keywords
Risikokommunikation, Brustkrebs, Mammographie, Hormonersatztherapie, Bayes-Theorem, Repräsentation von Information, statistisches Denken, Mediziner-Ausbildung und -Fortbildung, Risk communication, Breast cancer, Mammography, Hormone replacement therapy, Bayes theorem, Representation of information, Statistical reasoning, Medical training and postgraduate medical training
Create date
24/02/2009 14:34
Last modification date
20/08/2019 15:56