High prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in HIV-infected patients: impact of different definitions of the metabolic syndrome.
Details
Serval ID
serval:BIB_CD4F33D68D82
Type
Article: article from journal or magazin.
Collection
Publications
Institution
Title
High prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in HIV-infected patients: impact of different definitions of the metabolic syndrome.
Journal
Aids
Working group(s)
D:A:D study group
Contributor(s)
de Wolf F., Zaheri S., Gras L., Bronsveld W., Hillebrand-Haverkort ME., Prins JM., Bos JC., Eeftinck Schattenkerk JK. , Geerlings SE., Godfried MH., Lange JM., van Leth FC. , Lowe SH., van der Meer JT. , Nellen FJ., Pogány K., van der Poll T., Reiss P., Ruys TA., Steingrover R., van Twillert G., van der Valk M., van Vonderen MG. , Vrouenraets SM., van Vugt M., Wit FW., van Eeden A., ten Veen JH. , van Dam PS. , Roos JC., Brinkman K., Frissen PH., Weigel HM., Mulder JW., van Gorp EC. , Meenhorst PL., Mairuhu AT., Veenstra J., Danner SA., Van Agtmael MA. , Claessen FA., Perenboom RM., Rijkeboer A., van Vonderen M., Richter C., van der Berg J., van Leusen R., Vriesendorp R., Jeurissen FJ., Kauffmann RH., Koger EL., Bravenboer B., ten Napel CH. , Kootstra GJ., Sprenger HG., Miesen WM., Doedens R., Scholvinck EH., ten Kate RW. , van Houte DP. , Polee M., Kroon FP., van Dissel JT. , Schippers EF., Schreij G., van de Geest S., Verbon A., Koopmans PP., Keuter M., Post F., van der Ven AJ. , van der Ende ME. , Gyssens IC., van der Feltz M., den Hollander JG. , de Marie S., Nouwen JL., Rijnders BJ., de Vries TE. , Juttmann JR., van de Heul C., van Kasteren ME. , Elisabeth S., Schneider MM., Bonten MJ., Borleffs JC., Ellerbroek PM., Hoepelman IM., Jaspers CA., Schouten I., Schurink CA., Blok WL., Tanis AA., Groeneveld PH., Salamon R., Beylot J., Dupon M., Le Bras M., Pellegrin JL., Ragnaud JM., Dabis F., Chêne G., Jacqmin-Gadda H., Thiébaut R., Lawson-Ayayi S., Lavignolle V., Balestre E., Blaizeau MJ., Decoin M., Formaggio AM., Delveaux S., Labarerre S., Uwamaliya B., Vimard E., Merchadou L., Palmer G., Touchard D., Dutoit D., Pereira F., Boulant B., Beylot J., Morlat P., Bernard N., Bonarek M., Bonnet F., Coadou B., Gelie P., Jaubert D., Nouts C., Lacoste D., Dupon M., Dutronc H., Cipriano G., Lafarie S., Chossat I., Lacut JY., Leng B., Pellegrin JL., Mercie P., Viallard JF., Faure I., Rispal P., Cipriano C., Tchamgoué S., Le Bras M., Djossou F., Malvy D., Pivetaud JP., Ragnaud JM., Chambon D., De La Taille C., Galperine T., Lafarie S., Neau D., Ochoa A., Beylot C., Doutre MS., Bezian JH., Moreau JF., Taupin JL., Conri C., Constans J., Couzigou P., Castera L., Fleury H., Lafon ME., Masquelier B., Pellegrin I., Trimoulet P., Moreau F., Mestre C., Series C., Taytard A., Law M., Petoumenos K., Anderson J., Cortossis P., Hoy J., Watson K., Roth N., Nicholson J., Bloch M., Franic T., Baker D., McFarlane R., Carr A., Cooper D., Chuah J., Fankhauser W., Mallal S., Forsdyke C., Calvo G., Torres F., Mateu S., Domingo P., Sambeat MA., Gatell J., Del Cacho E., Cadafalch J., Fuster M., Codina C., Sirera G., Vaqué A., Clumeck N., De Wit S., Gerard M., Kabeya K., Konopnicki D., Libois A., Payen MC., Poll B., Van Laethem Y., Neaton J., Bartsch G., El-Sadr WM., Krum E., Thompson G., Wentworth D., Luskin-Hawk R., Telzak E., El-Sadr WM., Abrams DI., Cohn D., Markowitz N., Arduino R., Mushatt D., Friedland G., Perez G., Tedaldi E., Fisher E., Gordin F., Crane LR., Sampson J., Baxter J., Kirk O., Mocroft A., Ellefson M., Phillips AN., Lundgren JD., Losso M., Elias C., Vetter N., Zangerle R., Karpov I., Vassilenko A., Mitsura VM., Suetnov O., Clumeck N., De Wit S., Poll B., Colebunders R., Vandekerckhove L., Hadziosmanovic V., Kostov K., Begovac I., Machala L., Rozsypal H., Sedlacek D., Nielsen J., Kronborg G., Benfield T., Larsen M., Gerstoft J., Katzenstein T., Hansen AB., Skinhøj P., Pedersen C., Oestergaard L., Zilmer K., Ristola M., Katlama C., Viard JP., Girard PM., Livrozet JM., Vanhems P., Pradier C., Dabis F., Neau D., Rockstroh J., Schmidt R., van Lunzen J., Degen O., Stellbrink HJ., Staszewski S., Bogner J., Fätkenheuer G., Gargalianos P., Xylomenos G., Perdios J., Panos G., Filandras A., Karabatsaki E., Sambatakou H., Banhegyi D., Mulcahy F., Yust I., Turner D., Burke M., Pollack S., Hassoun G., Maayan S., Chiesi A., Esposito R., Mazeu I., Mussini C., Arici C., Pristera R., Mazzotta F., Gabbuti A., Vullo V., Lichtner M., Chirianni A., Montesarchio E., Gargiulo M., Antonucci G., Iacomi F., Narciso P., Vlassi C., Zaccarelli M., Lazzarin A., Finazzi R., Galli M., Ridolfo A., d'Arminio Monforte A., Rozentale B., Aldins P., Chaplinskas S., Hemmer R., Staub T., Reiss P., Bruun J., Maeland A., Ormaasen V., Knysz B., Gasiorowski J., Horban A., Bakowska E., Prokopowicz D., Flisiak R., Boron-Kaczmarska A., Pynka M., Beniowski M., Mularska E., Trocha H., Jablonowska E., Malolepsza E., Wojcik K., Antunes F., Valadas E., Maltez F., Duiculescu D., Rakhmanova A., Vinogradova E., Buzunova S., Jevtovic D., Mokrás M., Staneková D., Tomazic J., González-Lahoz J., Soriano V., Martin-Carbonero L., Labarga P., Clotet B., Jou A., Paredes R., Tural C., Puig J., Bravo I., Gatell JM., Miró JM., Domingo P., Gutierrez M., Mateo G., Sambeat MA., Karlsson A., Persson PO., Flamholc L., Ledergerber B., Weber R., Cavassini M., Hirschel B., Boffi E., Furrer H., Battegay M., Elzi L., Kravchenko E., Chentsova N., Kutsyna G., Servitskiy S., Antoniak S., Krasnov M., Barton S., Johnson AM., Mercey D., Phillips A., Johnson MA., Murphy M., Weber J., Scullard G., Fisher M., Leen C., Morfeldt L., Thulin G., Sundström A., Akerlund B., Koppel K., Karlsson A., Flamholc L., Håkangård C., Moroni M., Carosi G., Cauda R., Chiodo F., Di Perri G., Galli M., Iardino R., Ippolito G., Lazzarin A., Mazzotta F., Panebianco R., Pastore G., Perno CF., Ammassari A., Antinori A., Balotta C., Bonfanti P., Capobianchi MR., Castagna A., Ceccherini-Silberstein F., Cozzi-Lepri A., De Luca A., Gervasoni C., Girardi E., Maggiolo F., Murri R., Mussini C., Puoti M., Torti C., Cozzi-Lepri A., Fanti I., Formenti T., Prosperi M., Montroni M., Giacometti A., Costantini A., Riva A., Tirelli U., Martellotta F., Pastore G., Ladisa N., Suter F., Maggiolo F., Chiodo F., Verucchi G., Fiorini C., Carosi G., Cristini G., Torti C., Minardi C., Bertelli D., Quirino T., Abeli C., Manconi PE., Piano P., Vecchiet J., Farenga M., Carnevale G., Lorenzotti S., Ghinelli F., Sighinolfi L., Leoncini F., Mazzotta F., Pozzi M., Pagano G., Cassola G., Viscoli G., Alessandrini A., Piscopo R., Soscia F., Tacconi L., Orani A., Rossotto R., Tommasi D., Congedo P., Chiodera A., Castelli P., Galli M., Lazzarin A., Rizzardini G., Schlacht I., Ridolfo AL., Foschi A., Castagna A., Salpietro S., Merli S., Melzi S., Moioli MC., Cicconi P., Formenti T., Esposito R., Mussini C., Gori A., Abrescia N., Chirianni A., Izzo CM., De Marco M., Viglietti R., Manzillo E., Ferrari C., Pizzaferri P., Baldelli F., Camanni G., Magnani G., Ursitti MA., Arlotti M., Ortolani P., Cauda R., Andreoni M., Antinori A., Antonucci G., Narciso P., Tozzi V., Vullo V., Zaccarelli M., Acinapura R., De Longis P., Trotta MP., Lichtner M., Carletti F., Mura MS., Madeddu G., Caramello P., Di Perri G., Orofino GC., Raise E., Ebo F., Pellizzer G., Buonfrate D., Pradier C., Fontas E., Caissotti C., Dellamonica P., Bentz L., Bernard E., Cua E., De Salvador-Guillouet F., Durant J., Farhad R., Ferrando S., Mondain-Miton V., Perbost I., Prouvost-Keller B., Pugliese P., Rahelinirina V., Roger PM., Vassallo M., Baëz E., Battegay M., Bernasconi E., Böni J., Bucher H., Bürgisser P., Cattacin S., Cavassini M., Dubs R., Egger M., Elzi L., Erb P., Fischer M., Flepp M., Fontana A., Francioli P., Furrer HJ., Gorgievski M., Günthard H., Hirschel B., Kaiser L., Kind C., Klimkait T., Lauper U., Ledergerber B., Opravil M., Paccaud F., Pantaleo G., Perrin L., Piffaretti JC., Rickenbach M., Rudin C., Schmid P., Schüpbach J., Speck R., Telenti A., Trkola A., Vernazza P., Weber R., Yerly S.
ISSN
1473-5571 (Electronic)
ISSN-L
0269-9370
Publication state
Published
Issued date
2010
Volume
24
Number
3
Pages
427-435
Language
english
Notes
Publication types: Journal Article
Publication Status: ppublish
Publication Status: ppublish
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: This study describes the characteristics of the metabolic syndrome in HIV-positive patients in the Data Collection on Adverse Events of Anti-HIV Drugs study and discusses the impact of different methodological approaches on estimates of the prevalence of metabolic syndrome over time.
METHODS: We described the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in patients under follow-up at the end of six calendar periods from 2000 to 2007. The definition that was used for the metabolic syndrome was modified to take account of the use of lipid-lowering and antihypertensive medication, measurement variability and missing values, and assessed the impact of these modifications on the estimated prevalence.
RESULTS: For all definitions considered, there was an increasing prevalence of the metabolic syndrome over time, although the prevalence estimates themselves varied widely. Using our primary definition, we found an increase in prevalence from 19.4% in 2000/2001 to 41.6% in 2006/2007. Modification of the definition to incorporate antihypertensive and lipid-lowering medication had relatively little impact on the prevalence estimates, as did modification to allow for missing data. In contrast, modification to allow the metabolic syndrome to be reversible and to allow for measurement variability lowered prevalence estimates substantially.
DISCUSSION: The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in cohort studies is largely based on the use of nonstandardized measurements as they are captured in daily clinical care. As a result, bias is easily introduced, particularly when measurements are both highly variable and may be missing. We suggest that the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in cohort studies should be based on two consecutive measurements of the laboratory components in the syndrome definition.
METHODS: We described the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in patients under follow-up at the end of six calendar periods from 2000 to 2007. The definition that was used for the metabolic syndrome was modified to take account of the use of lipid-lowering and antihypertensive medication, measurement variability and missing values, and assessed the impact of these modifications on the estimated prevalence.
RESULTS: For all definitions considered, there was an increasing prevalence of the metabolic syndrome over time, although the prevalence estimates themselves varied widely. Using our primary definition, we found an increase in prevalence from 19.4% in 2000/2001 to 41.6% in 2006/2007. Modification of the definition to incorporate antihypertensive and lipid-lowering medication had relatively little impact on the prevalence estimates, as did modification to allow for missing data. In contrast, modification to allow the metabolic syndrome to be reversible and to allow for measurement variability lowered prevalence estimates substantially.
DISCUSSION: The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in cohort studies is largely based on the use of nonstandardized measurements as they are captured in daily clinical care. As a result, bias is easily introduced, particularly when measurements are both highly variable and may be missing. We suggest that the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in cohort studies should be based on two consecutive measurements of the laboratory components in the syndrome definition.
Keywords
Adult, Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Cohort Studies, Female, HIV Infections/complications, HIV Infections/epidemiology, HIV-1, Humans, Hypolipidemic Agents/therapeutic use, Male, Metabolic Syndrome X/diagnosis, Metabolic Syndrome X/drug therapy, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Prospective Studies, United States/epidemiology
Pubmed
Web of science
Create date
12/03/2010 11:13
Last modification date
30/01/2023 18:42
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