The evolution of awareness and management of hypertension and hypercholesteroloemia in the department of Haute-Garonne, France, was studied using 1265 male subjects aged 35-64 years who participated in the WHO-MONICA population surveys conducted in 1985-87 (675 subjects) and 1989-91 (590 subjects). After correcting for measurement bias in the second survey, there were 186 and 175 hypertensive subjects in the first and in the second survey, respectively, of which 47% and 59% were aware of their condition (p < 0.02), of which 76% and 90% were treated (p < 0.008), of which 42% and 32% were controlled (p < 0.20). There were 213 and 188 hypercholesteroloemic subjects in the first and the second survey, respectively (p < 0.91), of which 33% and 62% were aware of their condition (p < 0.0001), of which 56% and 43% were treated (p < 0.10), of which 59% and 64% were controlled (p < 0.63). In conclusion, although awareness of hypertension and hypercholesteroloemia in men has recently increased in Haute-Garonne, their management still needs to be improved.