Sex and gender in infection and immunity: addressing the bottlenecks from basic science to public health and clinical applications.

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State: Public
Version: Final published version
License: CC BY 4.0
Serval ID
serval:BIB_C97BDB93DA3E
Type
Article: article from journal or magazin.
Collection
Publications
Institution
Title
Sex and gender in infection and immunity: addressing the bottlenecks from basic science to public health and clinical applications.
Journal
Royal Society open science
Author(s)
Pasin C., Consiglio C.R., Huisman J.S., de Lange A.G., Peckham H., Vallejo-Yagüe E., Abela I.A., Islander U., Neuner-Jehle N., Pujantell M., Roth O., Schirmer M., Tepekule B., Zeeb M., Hachfeld A., Aebi-Popp K., Kouyos R.D., Bonhoeffer S.
ISSN
2054-5703 (Print)
ISSN-L
2054-5703
Publication state
Published
Issued date
07/2023
Peer-reviewed
Oui
Volume
10
Number
7
Pages
221628
Language
english
Notes
Publication types: Journal Article
Publication Status: epublish
Abstract
Although sex and gender are recognized as major determinants of health and immunity, their role is rarely considered in clinical practice and public health. We identified six bottlenecks preventing the inclusion of sex and gender considerations from basic science to clinical practice, precision medicine and public health policies. (i) A terminology-related bottleneck, linked to the definitions of sex and gender themselves, and the lack of consensus on how to evaluate gender. (ii) A data-related bottleneck, due to gaps in sex-disaggregated data, data on trans/non-binary people and gender identity. (iii) A translational bottleneck, limited by animal models and the underrepresentation of gender minorities in biomedical studies. (iv) A statistical bottleneck, with inappropriate statistical analyses and results interpretation. (v) An ethical bottleneck posed by the underrepresentation of pregnant people and gender minorities in clinical studies. (vi) A structural bottleneck, as systemic bias and discriminations affect not only academic research but also decision makers. We specify guidelines for researchers, scientific journals, funding agencies and academic institutions to address these bottlenecks. Following such guidelines will support the development of more efficient and equitable care strategies for all.
Keywords
bottlenecks, immunity, infection, sex and gender
Pubmed
Web of science
Open Access
Yes
Create date
10/07/2023 14:14
Last modification date
08/08/2024 6:40
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