This contribution discusses the criticism and concerns raised by the proposed modification of Article 5 of the Swiss Federal Act on Cartels and other Restraints of Competition, which prohibits unlawful agreements affecting competition. This reform was proposed by the Swiss Federal Council on 24 May 2023. Should the reform be adopted, Swiss competition law enforcers would only be able to prohibit anticompetitive agreements after having proved—based on qualitative and quantitative criteria— that these agreements significantly restrict competition. This rule would also apply to the most pernicious horizontal and vertical hardcore restrictions and would significantly weaken the enforcement of competition law in Switzerland.