The inner foreskin of healthy males at risk of HIV infection harbors epithelial CD4+ CCR5+ cells and has features of an inflamed epidermal barrier.
Details
Serval ID
serval:BIB_B22F735B726A
Type
Article: article from journal or magazin.
Collection
Publications
Institution
Title
The inner foreskin of healthy males at risk of HIV infection harbors epithelial CD4+ CCR5+ cells and has features of an inflamed epidermal barrier.
Journal
PloS one
ISSN
1932-6203 (Electronic)
ISSN-L
1932-6203
Publication state
Published
Issued date
2014
Peer-reviewed
Oui
Volume
9
Number
9
Pages
e108954
Language
english
Notes
Publication types: Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
Publication Status: epublish
Publication Status: epublish
Abstract
Male circumcision provides partial protection against multiple sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV, but the mechanisms are not fully understood. To examine potential vulnerabilities in foreskin epithelial structure, we used Wilcoxon paired tests adjusted using the false discovery rate method to compare inner and outer foreskin samples from 20 healthy, sexually active Peruvian males who have sex with males or transgender females, ages 21-29, at elevated risk of HIV infection. No evidence of epithelial microtrauma was identified, as assessed by keratinocyte activation, fibronectin deposition, or parakeratosis. However, multiple suprabasal tight junction differences were identified: 1) inner foreskin stratum corneum was thinner than outer (p = 0.035); 2) claudin 1 had extended membrane-bound localization throughout inner epidermis stratum spinosum (p = 0.035); 3) membrane-bound claudin 4 was absent from inner foreskin stratum granulosum (p = 0.035); and 4) occludin had increased membrane deposition in inner foreskin stratum granulosum (p = 0.042) versus outer. Together, this suggests subclinical inflammation and paracellular transport modifications to the inner foreskin. A setting of inflammation was further supported by inner foreskin epithelial explant cultures secreting higher levels of GM-CSF (p = 0.029), IP-10 (p = 0.035) and RANTES (p = 0.022) than outer foreskin, and also containing an increased density of CCR5+ and CD4+ CCR5+ cells (p = 0.022). Inner foreskin dermis also secreted more RANTES than outer (p = 0.036), and had increased density of CCR5+ cells (p = 0.022). In conclusion, subclinical changes to the inner foreskin of sexually active males may support an inflammatory state, with availability of target cells for HIV infection and modifications to epidermal barriers, potentially explaining the benefits of circumcision for STI prevention.
Keywords
Adult, CD4 Antigens/metabolism, Cells, Cultured, Chemokine CCL5/metabolism, Chemokine CXCL10/metabolism, Circumcision, Male, Claudin-1/metabolism, Claudin-4/metabolism, Cytokines/metabolism, Epidermis/pathology, Epidermis/physiology, Epithelial Cells/cytology, Epithelial Cells/metabolism, Female, Foreskin/metabolism, Foreskin/pathology, Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/metabolism, HIV Infections, Homosexuality, Male, Humans, Male, Occludin/metabolism, Receptors, CCR5/metabolism, Transgender Persons
Pubmed
Web of science
Open Access
Yes
Create date
28/02/2022 11:45
Last modification date
27/02/2024 7:19