A retrospective analysis of data from January 1996 to June 2004 was performed to evaluate the transmission of bacterial infections from organ donors to recipients. Donors were classified according to blood culture results: group 1 with negative blood culture (n = 216), and group 2 with positive blood cultures (n = 52). The age, cause of death, temperature, leukocytes, and number of organs procured were similar in both groups. Donors of group 2 had significantly more days in the intensive care unit (ICU): group 1 (3.14 +/- 3) versus group 2 (4.39 +/- 3.38 days P = .038). Fifty-one percent of group 1 and 52% of group 2 received antibiotic treatment, in most cases because of the suspected presence of a respiratory infection. In 22 donors the organisms that yielded in the blood culture were considered potentially pathogenic/contaminants (subgroup 2A) and in 30 donors the organisms were considered pathogenic (subgroup 2B). The demographic profiles of these two subgroups were similar. During the first month after transplantation, kidney and liver recipients were closely monitored. Recipients received wide-spectrum antimicrobial prophylaxis. Ten of 61 renal recipients developed infectious diseases. In nine cases (four in subgroup 2A and five in subgroup 2B) there were urinary infections. One recipient of subgroup 2B developed prostatitis. Six of 34 hepatic recipients developed infectious diseases. Four of the six cases (four in group 2A and five in group 2B) developed catheter infections and two cases of peritoneal infections. We could not find any case where a bacterial blood isolate from a donor matched a positive culture in the corresponding recipient. A longer stay of a donor in the ICU resulted in the more pronounced growth of organisms in blood cultures, as expected. In our experience, organs obtained from a donor with a positive blood culture may be transplanted safely, probably due to the low virulence of the organisms as well as the polymicrobial therapy routinely given to the recipients.