Originally described by Castleman and Lowne as hyperplasia of mediastinal lymph nodes in 1954, this rare disorder currently represents a heterogeneous entity with 4 histomorphological (hyaline vascular, plasma cell, mixed, plasmablastic) and 2 clinical (unicentric,
multicentric) forms. Not only should the disease be considered in differential diagnosis of localized or generalized lymphadenopathies, but also in cases of anemia fever of unknown origin, and so called B symptoms (weight loss, night sweats, pathological fatigue). In this
work we are presenting our collection of 62 interesting findings, arranged into 17 pictures. What is published here are results from clinical investigations, histopathological examinations, as well as images obtained by conventional radiography (X-ray), ultrasonography,
computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and also by means of positron emission tomography (PET) or in combination with simultaneous whole-body CT scanning, i.e. PET/CT imaging. The accompanying text summarizes the most important information about Castleman disease, deals with its historical aspects together with several brief case reports and pieces from clinical
practice.