Samples of adrenal medullary phaeochromocytoma from two patients were extracted in acid. The tissue concentrations of neuropeptide Y (NPY)-like immunoreactivity were found to be 0.94 and 8.11 micrograms/g. Plasma from these patients subjected to NPY radioimmunoassay after Sephadex G-75 gel filtration chromatography revealed circulating plasma concentrations of 1889 and 2079 pg/ml, compared to levels in normal plasma of less than 50 pg/ml, treated in the same way. Further characterisation of this plasma NPY-like immunoreactivity by HPLC showed this peptide to possess identical elution behaviour to human NPY standard. It is suggested that circulating NPY may be a contributory factor in the symptoms exhibited by some patients with adrenal medullary phaeochromocytoma.