Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common inflammatory dermatitis for which molecular research is currently extending. Mostly mediated by helper T lymphocytes type 2 (Th2), it seems that Th22 and Th17 can also be involved on a smaller scale. An IL-4/IL-13 inhibitor, key cytokines of the Th2 pathway, has recently been recognized as a new treatment for AD and has opened the field to multiple clinical trials for other selective immunosuppressants such as biologics and small molecules. These advances make us hope for the development of more effective and better-tolerated treatments than conventional immunosuppressants. In addition, they promise to advance the knowledge of this complex inflammatory pathology and its clinical subtypes.