The Role of Biomarkers for Starting Antifungals in the Intensive Care Unit

Details

Serval ID
serval:BIB_9142ACFAEC7D
Type
Article: article from journal or magazin.
Collection
Publications
Institution
Title
The Role of Biomarkers for Starting Antifungals in the Intensive Care Unit
Journal
Clinical Pulmonary Medicine
Author(s)
Pagani Jean-Luc, Revelly Jean-Pierre, Que Yok-Ai, Eggimann Philippe
ISSN
1068-0640
ISSN-L
1536-5956
Publication state
Published
Issued date
2015
Peer-reviewed
Oui
Volume
22
Number
6
Pages
286-293
Language
english
Abstract
Invasive candidiasis is associated with high mortality rates (35% to 60%), similar to the range reported for septic shock. The most common types include candidemia, frequently observed in immunocompromised patients, and noncandidemic systemic candidiasis, which constitutes the majority of cases in critically ill patients. However, they are difficult to prove and a definite diagnosis usually occurs late in the course of the disease, thus contributing to their bad prognosis. Early empirical treatment improves the prognosis and currently relies on the positive predictive value (PPV) of risk-assessment strategies (colonization index, Candida score, predictive rules) based on combinations of risk factors, but it may have also largely contributed to the overuse of antifungal agents in critically ill patients. In this context, non- culture-based diagnostic methods, including specific and nonspecific biomarkers, may significantly improve the diagnosis of invasive candidiasis. Candida DNA and mannan antigen/antimannan antibodies are of limited interest for the diagnosis of invasive candidiasis as they fail to identify noncandidemic systemic candidiasis, despite early positivity in candidemic patients. The utility of 1,3-beta-D-glucan (b-D-glucan), a panfungal cell wall antigen, has been demonstrated for the diagnosis of fungal infections in immunocompromised patients. Preliminary data suggest that it is also detectable early in critically ill patients developing noncandidemic systemic candidiasis. To take advantage of the high negative predictive value of risk-assessment strategies and the early increase in specific fungal biomarkers in high-risk patients, we propose a practical 2-step approach to improve the selection of patients susceptible to benefit from empirical antifungal treatment.
Create date
04/12/2015 15:30
Last modification date
20/08/2019 14:54
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