BIOSURVEILLANCE ET CONSEQUENCES SUR LA SANTÉ DE LA CONSOMMATION DE SODIUM CHEZ LES ENFANTS
Details
Serval ID
serval:BIB_888E8DD241B5
Type
PhD thesis: a PhD thesis.
Collection
Publications
Institution
Title
BIOSURVEILLANCE ET CONSEQUENCES SUR LA SANTÉ DE LA CONSOMMATION DE SODIUM CHEZ LES ENFANTS
Director(s)
Chiolero Arnaud
Codirector(s)
Bovet Pascal
Institution details
Université de Lausanne, Faculté de biologie et médecine
Publication state
Accepted
Issued date
2018
Language
french
Abstract
Un apport élevé en sodium augmente la pression artérielle (PA), qui est un facteur de risque majeur de maladies cardiovasculaires (MCV) chez les adultes. Comme une PA élevée tend à apparaître déjà tôt dans la vie, la prévention débutant dès l'enfance est préconisée. Cependant, des preuves sur la façon de mesurer l'apport en sodium et son effet sur la PA chez les enfants sont nécessaires. Les objectifs de cette thèse étaient de déterminer l'apport et les principales sources de sodium dans un échantillon d'enfants en Suisse, d'évaluer si les spots urinaires peuvent être utilisés pour estimer l'excrétion urinaire de 24-h de sodium chez les enfants, de définir l'association entre sodium et PA chez les enfants et d'estimer l'impact potentiel d'une réduction d'apport en sodium dans l'enfance sur les MCV plus tard dans la vie. Nous avons mené une étude de biosurveillance chez des enfants âgés de 6 à 16 ans en Valais, Suisse, et une revue systématique de toutes les études ayant étudié l'association entre le sodium et la PA chez les enfants. L'étude de biosurveillance a montré que l'apport en sodium était élevé et provenait principalement d'aliments couramment consommés, comme le pain. Les spots urinaires au réveil avec les équations de Tanaka et de Brown ont fourni de bonnes estimations de l'excrétion urinaire de 24-h. Avec la revue systématique, nous avons trouvé que la PA augmentait d'environ 1 mm Hg par gramme de sodium par jour. L'association était plus forte chez les enfants en surpoids et les enfants avec une PA, élevée. Avec un modèle simple, nous avons calculé qu'une petite réduction de l'apport en sodium dès l'enfance peut entraîner une baisse substantielle des MCV plus tard dans la vie. En conclusion, ces données suggèrent que l'apport en sodium chez les enfants est élevé et pourrait être diminué en baissant la teneur en sodium de quelques aliments consommés couramment. De plus, elles suggèrent que l'apport en sodium chez les enfants pourrait être estimé par les spots urinaires comme alternative aux collectes d'urine de 24-h. Finalement, nos données soutiennent la réduction de l'apport en sodium dès l'enfance pour prévenir une PA élevée et finalement des MCV plus tard dans la vie.
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High sodium intake increases blood pressure (BP) and is a major risk factor of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and related mortality in adults. Because elevated BP has its root early in life, prévention starting in childhood, in a life course perspective, is advocated. However, evidence on how to assess sodium intake and its effect on BP in children is needed. The objectives of this thesis were to determine the level and main sources of sodium intake in a sample of children in Switzerland, to evaluate whether urinary spots can be used to estimate 24-h urinary sodium excretion in children, to assess the association between sodium intake and BP in children, and to estimate the potential impact of sodium réduction in childhood on CVD later in life. We conducted a biomonitoring study among children between 6 and 16 years of âge in Valais, Switzerland, and a systematic review of ail studies having assessed the association between sodium intake and BP in children. We found that, in our sample, sodium intake was high and came mainly from commonly eaten foods, such as bread. We further found that overnight urinary spots, with the Tanaka and Brown équations, provided good estimâtes of 24-h urinary sodium excretion. Thanks to the systematic review, we found that BP increased by ~1 mm Hg per additional gram of sodium intake per day. The association was stronger in overweight children and children with elevated BP. With a simple modeling study, we calculated that a small réduction in sodium intake in childhood can resuit in a substantial réduction in CVD later in life. In conclusion, our findings suggest that sodium intake is high in children and could be reduced by lowering the sodium content of commonly eaten foods, such as bread. Further, they suggest that sodium intake in children could be assessed using urinary spots as an alternative to 24-h urine collections. Finally, our data support that a réduction in sodium intake during childhood could help prevent elevated BP and, eventually, CVD later in life.
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High sodium intake increases blood pressure (BP) and is a major risk factor of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and related mortality in adults. Because elevated BP has its root early in life, prévention starting in childhood, in a life course perspective, is advocated. However, evidence on how to assess sodium intake and its effect on BP in children is needed. The objectives of this thesis were to determine the level and main sources of sodium intake in a sample of children in Switzerland, to evaluate whether urinary spots can be used to estimate 24-h urinary sodium excretion in children, to assess the association between sodium intake and BP in children, and to estimate the potential impact of sodium réduction in childhood on CVD later in life. We conducted a biomonitoring study among children between 6 and 16 years of âge in Valais, Switzerland, and a systematic review of ail studies having assessed the association between sodium intake and BP in children. We found that, in our sample, sodium intake was high and came mainly from commonly eaten foods, such as bread. We further found that overnight urinary spots, with the Tanaka and Brown équations, provided good estimâtes of 24-h urinary sodium excretion. Thanks to the systematic review, we found that BP increased by ~1 mm Hg per additional gram of sodium intake per day. The association was stronger in overweight children and children with elevated BP. With a simple modeling study, we calculated that a small réduction in sodium intake in childhood can resuit in a substantial réduction in CVD later in life. In conclusion, our findings suggest that sodium intake is high in children and could be reduced by lowering the sodium content of commonly eaten foods, such as bread. Further, they suggest that sodium intake in children could be assessed using urinary spots as an alternative to 24-h urine collections. Finally, our data support that a réduction in sodium intake during childhood could help prevent elevated BP and, eventually, CVD later in life.
Create date
22/01/2019 12:19
Last modification date
20/08/2019 14:47