Current and Future Applications of Novel Immunotherapies in Urological Oncology: A Critical Review of the Literature.

Details

Serval ID
serval:BIB_88894119A8ED
Type
Article: article from journal or magazin.
Collection
Publications
Institution
Title
Current and Future Applications of Novel Immunotherapies in Urological Oncology: A Critical Review of the Literature.
Journal
European urology focus
Author(s)
Özdemir B.C., Siefker-Radtke A.O., Campbell M.T., Subudhi S.K.
ISSN
2405-4569 (Electronic)
ISSN-L
2405-4569
Publication state
Published
Issued date
04/2018
Peer-reviewed
Oui
Volume
4
Number
3
Pages
442-454
Language
english
Notes
Publication types: Journal Article ; Review
Publication Status: ppublish
Abstract
Immunotherapies promote anticancer responses with varying levels of success based on the tumor type.
In this narrative review article, we searched the literature regarding immunotherapies in genitourinary malignancies to define the state of the field, explore future applications of immune checkpoint inhibitors, cytokines, vaccines, and cellular therapies in urological oncology and evaluate possible strategies to improve the selection of patients who might benefit from such approaches.
We reviewed related literature, with a focus on recent studies about immunotherapies, predictors of response, and ongoing clinical trials.
Immunotherapies based on immune checkpoint blockade are approved as first- and second-line therapies for urothelial carcinoma (UC) and second-line therapies for renal cell carcinoma with limited success in prostate cancer. Programmed death-ligand 1 is the most commonly used predictive biomarker outside of UC; however, a substantial proportion of patients with tumors negative for programmed death-ligand 1 expression benefit from checkpoint inhibition, limiting its sensitivity. A high mutational load and molecular subtypes of UC are emerging as additional potential predictors. Genomic sequencing and gene expression analysis associate alterations of genes implicated in DNA repair pathways, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, with immune checkpoint therapies. In prostate cancer, the vaccine, sipuleucel-T, is the only Food and Drug Administration-approved immunotherapy.
Immunotherapies are emerging as exciting new treatment options with a tolerable toxicity profile in urological cancers. Checkpoint inhibitors are effective only in a subset of patients, demanding personalized approaches that consider various clinical and molecular parameters to predict patient response. Clinical trials investigating the optimal timing, sequence, and combination of immunotherapies with standard of care and novel agents will guide therapy choices and improve patient outcome.
Clinical data supports the safety and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors alone or in combination with other therapies in urological cancers.
Keywords
Adoptive Transfer/methods, B7-H1 Antigen/metabolism, Cancer Vaccines/immunology, Cancer Vaccines/therapeutic use, Clinical Trials as Topic, Cytokines/immunology, Cytokines/therapeutic use, Gene Expression/genetics, Genomics/methods, Humans, Immunotherapy/methods, Male, Oncolytic Virotherapy/methods, Prostatic Neoplasms/drug therapy, Tissue Extracts/therapeutic use, Treatment Outcome, Urologic Neoplasms/drug therapy, Urologic Neoplasms/immunology, Adoptive cell therapy, Cancer immunotherapy, Checkpoint inhibitors, Oncolytic virus therapy, Urological cancer, Vaccines
Pubmed
Create date
02/11/2017 13:28
Last modification date
20/08/2019 14:47
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