Candida bloodstream infections in intensive care units: analysis of the extended prevalence of infection in intensive care unit study.
Details
Serval ID
serval:BIB_7CE83D9AE1CE
Type
Article: article from journal or magazin.
Collection
Publications
Institution
Title
Candida bloodstream infections in intensive care units: analysis of the extended prevalence of infection in intensive care unit study.
Journal
Critical Care Medicine
Working group(s)
Extended Prevalence of Infection in ICU Study (EPIC II) Group of Investigators
Contributor(s)
Margarit A., Valentini R., Alan Javier Z., Bevilacqua C., Curone M., Rabuffetti R., Comignani P., Torres Boden M., Chertcoff F., Cardonatti G., Adén F., Marcos L., Dónofrio M., Fernández R., Lamberghini R., Balasini S., Teves J., Las Heras M., Sinner J., Ceraso D., Curcio D., Aguilar L., Weller C., Cardonnet L., Santa Cruz R., Manrique E., Bernardez D., Iolster T., Chiappero G., Curcio D., Ramos P., Vergara J., Moine I., Ilutovich S., Jannello G., Waschbusch M., Rios Picaza G., Raimondi A., Miriam M., Lovesio C., Curcio D., Caridi M., Leong T., Orford N., Reece G., Ernest D., Hawker F., Tan J., Giannellis C., Ihle B., Bersten A., McInnes J., Tallott M., Mcfadyen B., Vibert J., Parr M., Tran K., Sutton J., Webb S., Groves N., Cole L., Long D., Bass F., Erickson S., Lipman J., Long D., Delzoppo C., Thomas J., Dobb G., Daley M., Roberts B., Webb S., Santamaria J., Young J., Festa M., Holland R., Mullany D., Williams P., Corkeron M., Gales M., Banerjee A., Yung M., Mutz N., Hiesmayr M., Faybik P., Fitzgerald R., Firlinger F., Zasmeta G., Zink M., Sieber W., Hildegard J., Bakondy R., Schlieber J., Filzwieser G., Beer R., Joannidis M., Schuster R., Scherzer W., Smolle K., Fitzal S., Manzoor R., Brunain J., D'Hondt A., Huylenbroeck G., Van der Schueren M., 't Kindt H., Slock E., Rijckaert D., Raemaekers J., Bourgeois M., Van Cotthem I., Nackaerts G., Gusu D., Gadisseux P., Vancollie O., Lignian H., Michel P., Fraipont V., Vander Stappen M., Forêt F., De Bels D., Devriendt J., Massaut J., Biston P., Roman A., Lambermont B., De Meulder A., Frederic V., Sottiaux T., Ruyffelaere P., Collin V., Anane S., Kleiren P., Simon M., Machayekhi S., Frans E., Leroy G., Berghmans T., Joseph R., Eerens J., Laterre P., Lagrou B., Rutsaert R., Pisarek W., Dive A., De Waele J., Spapen H., Damas P., Vincent JL., Malbrain M., Hidalgo J., Baptista M., Salgado D., Braga M., Avila C., Westphal G., Caser E., Alves A., Friedman G., Luz M., Assuncao M., Reis H., Gomes A., Silva U., Nogueira Fh W., El-Dash S., Valiatti J., Barbosa A., Coelho C., Knibel M., Minelli C., Caovilla J., Teixeira G., Hovnanian A., Rea-Neto A., Lobo S., Lugarinho M., Souza P., Ferreira D., Duarte P., Oliveira M., Marques J., Machado R., Rehder P., Mataloun S., Grilo M., Quesado P., Moock M., Ferreira F., Teles J., Silva E., Coelho C., Morais A., Bruzzi de Carvalho F., Wanderley M., Velasco M., Brandão da Silva N., Feijó J., Duarte P., Souza Dantas V., Teles J., Costa Filho R., Japiassú A., Villela D., Santos C., Passos R., Alheira-Rocha R., Silva R., Houly J., Aldrighi J., Hatum R., Suparregui Dias F., Ferreira L., Ferro L., Gomez J., Fleury R., David C., Resener T., Duarte P., Mendes C., Germano A., Oliveira M., De Marco F., Japiassú A., Lage S., Salluh J., Torelly A., Sad R., Barbosa A., Oliveira G., Lima R., Paranhos J., Oliveira M., Rocha M., Bitencourt W., Bitencourt W., Rea-Neto A., Grion C., Forte D., Guimarães H., Piras C., Stephanova L., Lyubenov L., Tsarianski G., Dimov G., Green R., Levasseur J., Ward R., Lesur O., Poirier G., Wax R., Wood G., Cook D., Marshall J., Herridge M., Ferguson N., Wood G., Espinoza M., Valdés jimenez S., Bruhn A., Micolich J., Fricke G., Galvez S., Escamilla Leon I., Zhan Q., Xu Y., Zhao Y., Zhang L., Qin T., Du B., Li M., Wang X., Jing Y., Zhang Z., Xianyao W., Li F., Congshan Y., Rebolledo C., Diaz D., Murillo Arboleda R., Rebolledo C., Arias Antun A., Montenegro G., Granados M., Dueñas C., Perez N., Libreros Duque G., Coral M., Ortiz G., Rodriguez D., Barsic B., Cubrilo-Turek M., Gornik I., Grljusic M., Caballero lopez A., Iraola Ferrer M., Pavlik P., Manak J., Radej J., Belohlavek J., Sevcik P., Blahut L., Tyl D., Steinbach J., Herold I., Zykova I., Prchal D., Bartosik T., Kolarova M., Hájek R., Kohoutová J., Marek O., Hon P., Chytra I., Betsch H., Fogh B., Espersen K., Jacobsen K., Berezowicz P., Andrade C., Guerrero F., Salgado E., Barahona D., Del Pozo Sanchez H., Jibaja M., Alansary A., Reintam A., Starkopf J., Harjola V., Tual L., Leone M., Serge M., Michel P., Leroy O., Mallet L., Marc B., Dormoy D., Pascal H., Tronchon L., Garrigues B., Santré C., Dupont H., Duranteau J., Leon A., Henry L., Canevet C., Dube L., Julien H., Nadia A., Francois B., Gérard J., Freysz M., Remy G., Blanloeil Y., Squara P., Korach JM., Durand M., Gabriel C., Eric P., Jacobs F., Bronchard R., Kipnis E., Moussa M., Launoy A., Guérin C., Vanhems P., Wynckel A., Clair B., Azoulay E., Fulgencio J., Gottwalles Y., Krummel T., Lepape A., Lesieur O., Payen D., Hérvé O., Farkas J., Cougot P., Mallédant Y., Joannes-Boyau O., Standl T., Sierig U., Geiseler J., Hopf H., Conrad-Opel E., Hermann C., Ventzke M., Henneberg T., Esposito F., Loeser H., Spies C., Zuckermann-Becker H., Voegeler S., Scherer R., Pauer A., Kljucar S., Delfs K., Blank E., Busch J., Wendt K., Lessmann J., Busch J., Bach F., Sakr Y., Berlet T., Kernchen A., Quintel M., Holst D., Kilger E., Holubarsch T., Raufhake C., Stolt C., Lubasch A., Meier-Hellmann A., Woebker G., Scharnofske C., Breyer M., Risch T., Manhold C., Kljucar S., Goethe JW., Meininger D., Greive C., Rau J., Seibel A., Henn-beilharz A., Wolbert R., Scherke T., Martin J., Rudolph M., Gleissner J., Wolf M., Schleibach F., Jaschinski U., Lunkeit A., Welte M., Goethe JW., Bingold T., Kogelmann K., Fischer F., Fischer B., Schmid M., Klein M., Bechtold A., Bodmann K., Klasen J., Meyrl H., Goetz J., Geldner G., Helmes T., Jensen N., Eickmeyer H., Lengfelder W., Langenstein B., Bogdanski R., Jelen-Esselborn S., Umgelter A., Dörr F., Lüttje K., Heinemeyer D., Uhl M., Schirle P., Benad H., Glaser M., Panzer W., Huettemann E., Stierwaldt R., Schappacher M., Müller E., Stadlmeyer W., Fantini M., Dummer B., Thörner M., Jost V., Loerbroks T., Glück T., Zimmermann R., Clement R., Hering R., Klinger T., Mehl J., Polozek H., Rothhammer A., Seidler R., Lorenz P., Mueritz W., Lutze M., Euler M., Heintz M., Winkler M., Angstwurm M., Krohe K., Treu T., Steiner T., Locher S., Walz A., Zahn P., Brandt W., Marks M., Henning F., Janssens U., Luethgens M., Theelen W., Sydow M., Weber M., Meiser A., Deutschmann C., Buttner C., Jokiel M., Bozzetti C., Jürgen B., Fiedler F., Wresch K., Kremer A., Bleier H., Rueckert M., Ditter H., Peckelsen C., Friederich P., Weber K., Krueger W., Lowack R., Michalsen A., Ragaller M., Groeschel A., Friedrich T., Hinz M., Christel A., Ragaller M., Hartwig T., Kaisers U., Schmitt D., Vögeler S., Weiss M., Reiter K., Schwab T., Trieschmann U., Kindgen-milles D., Engel J., Sedemund-adib B., Lauterbach M., Max M., Volkert T., Waydhas C., Hien S., Briegel J., Guralnik V., Zoremba N., Riessen R., Müllges W., Nierhaus A., Strauss R., Utzolino S., Thul J., Abel P., Gründling M., Kessler W., Scheuren K., Vagts D., Rensing H., Schoch B., Kopp K., Gerlach H., Corea M., Uhrig A., Schroeder S., Jordan F., Huber T., Bittinger M., Sofianos E., Armaganidis A., Routsi C., Bitzani M., Chalkiadaki A., Michalopoulos A., Mouloudi E., Ioannidou E., Myrianthefs P., Koulenti D., Karampela I., Kyriazopoulos G., Mandragos K., Clouva-molyvdas P., Moraiti A., Pneumatikos I., Filos K., Zakynthinos E., Kotanidou A., Vakalos A., Cheng A., Buckley T., Gomersall C., Kiss K., Tamási P., Sarkany A., Csomos A., Zöllei£££É£££ É. , Todi S., Udwadia F., Shah R., Amin P., Udwadia F., Samavedam S., Mathai A., Patil M., Jog S., Gurjar M., Vats M., Varma A., Gopal P., Kapadia F., Chawla R., Iyer S., Sahu S., Bakshi C., Ambike D., Govil D., Karipparambath V., Chacko J., Sathe P., Rungta N., Jani C., Bhome A., Prayag S., Ray S., Rajagopalan R., Divatia J., Da costa R., Shyam Sunder T., Wibowo P., Maskoen T., Sugiman T., Nowruzinia S., Lotfi A., Mahmoodpoor A., Donnelly M., Breen D., Ng S., Bates J., Sprung C., Lev A., Kishinevsky E., Cohen J., Sofer S., Vesconi S., Greco S., Borelli M., Cecilia P., Sapuppo M., Lazzero A., Mangani V., Petrucci N., Minerva M., Rummo G., De blasio E., Marzorati S., Rosi R., Giarratano A., Margarit O., Guberti A., Scolz S., Stelian E., Emmi V., Caspani M., Rosano A., Abbruzzese C., Colonna S., Ceriani R., De Blasi R., Borrelli F., Lorella P., Ruatti H., Munch C., Sorbara C., Fiore G., Chieregato A., Conti V., Guadagnucci A., Pizzamiglio M., Locicero MT., Marri I., Sicignano A., Conte V., Oggioni R., De Gasperi A., De negri P., Santagostino G., Roberto F., Marino G., Castiglione G., Sforza D., Camillo S., Giuseppe N., Bassetti M., Napoli D., Ferraro F., Clementi S., Di Filippo A., Cotogni P., Ranieri MV., Antonelli M., Martinelli L., Gianesello L., Gullo A., Morelli A., Biancofiore G., Della Rocca G., Hashimoto S., Onodera M., Kobayashi A., Shinozuka T., Imanaka H., Ikeda T., Yaguchi A., Misane I., Piebalga A., Moughaghab A., Pilvinis V., Vosylius S., Balciunas M., Kekstas G., Margaret H., Klop M., Grozdanovski K., Eftimova B., Wafa S., Lim C., Mat nor M., Tai L., Syed Mohd Tahir S., Idris N., Tan C., Borg M., Manzo E., Gutierrez Morales H., Miguel P., Villagomez A., Bassols A., Aguirre G., Cerón U., Lopez ramos J., Monjardín J., Bermudez Aceves E., Gonzalez Salazar F., Rodriguez Gonzalez D., Poblano-Morales M., Ramirez F., Cetina M., Navarro J., Villagomez Ortiz A., Sanchez V., Chavarria U., Fernandez-Ponce O., Serna secundino H., Leonardo O., Diego Manuel R., Mijangos J., Vazquez de Anda G., Martin E., Gutierrez P., López Islas I., Soberanes L., Pejakov L., Sbihi A., Ouahid B., Naoufel M., De Pont A., Rosseel P., Ten Cate J., Van Berkel G., Corsten S., Bakker J., Vogelaar J., Blom H., Kieft H., Kuiper M., Gille A., Pickkers P., Vet J., Ammann J., Den Boer S., Wesselink R., Speelberg B., Pham C., Rodgers M., Bergmans D., Groeneveld J., Mcarthur C., Parke R., Mehrtens J., Celi L., Freebairn R., Rankin N., Heffernan C., McHugh G., Beca J., Van haren F., Barry B., Kalkoff M., Loevstad R., Klepstad P., Erno P., Junker A., Naqvi S., Javed I., Sinclair J., Rivera R., Chavez C., Donayre Taber Z., Quispe Sierra R., Muñoz J., Galvez Ruiz J., Fang Li J., Candiotti Herrera M., Arroyo A., Becerra R., Meza J., Mayorga M., Garba P., Kot J., Gaszynski T., Piechota M., Renata S., Müller P., Stepinska J., Jacek K., Cieniawa T., Mikstacki A., Tamowicz B., Bartkowska-Sniatkowska A., Karpel E., Kusza K., Smuszkiewicz P., Mikaszewska-Sokolewicz M., Goraj R., Kubler A., Bártolo A., Castelo-Branco Sousa M., Esteves F., Martins A., João HS., Oliveira T., Ponce P., Mourão L., Febra C., Carmo E., Lopes V., Póvoa P., Rezende A., Costa H., Moreira P., Pádua F., Leite A., Almeida E., Alves M., Sousa A., Telo L., João S., Dias C., Paiva J., Ribeiro R., Amaro P., Carneiro A., Moreno R., Matos R., Afonso S., Bouw M., França C., Ibrahim A., Tabacaru R., Ionita V., Tulbure D., Filipescu D., Pascanu S., Grigoras I., Copotoiu S., Popov D., Lebedev E., Olga I., Yaroshetskiy A., Lugovkina T., Dmitry B., Malinin O., Lekmanov A., Abulmagd M., Arabi Y., Alhashemi J., Ali A., Maghrabi K., Debek A., Malik M., Jankovic R., Palibrk I., Maravic-stojkovic V., Malenkovic V., Surbatovic M., Bumbasirevic V., Lim N., Loh T., Tan H., Sekeresova H., Koutun J., Firment J., Malik P., Trenkler S., Muzlovic I., Kosec L., Ozek B., Kasnik D., Tomic V., Knafelj R., Svigelj V., Du Plessis H., Raine R., Bhagwanjee S., Richards G., Bhagwanjee S., Goosen J., De Jager J., Schleicher G., Rubio O., Mañez R., Burgueño Campiñez M., Alvarez M., Jorda R., Naveira-Abeigón E., Monedero P., Alemparte-Pardavila E., Garcia del Valle S., Perez Calvo C., Palomar M., Guerrero F., Caballero Zirena A., Arribas M., Bustamante Munguira E., Ruiz J., Blanco Vicente A., Zavala E., Valencia M., Blesa Malpica A., Martinez-Sagasti F., Nieto M., Aguilar G., Martinon-Torres F., Lorente C., Insausti J., Vegas Pinto R., Santos I., Escriba A., Olaechea P., Muñoz E., Antón Caraballo E., Galdos-Anuncibay P., Lopez Camps V., Esteban-Reboll F., Estella A., Bocero L., Ibañez A., Yagüe G., Pueyo L., María Jesús L., Iglesias Fraile L., Silva J., Garro P., Palma L., Ramos-gómez L., Rovira A., Martin Delgado M., Monton Dito J., Garcia F., Navarro J., Latour-Perez J., Albaya A., Bustinza A., Sole-violán J., Ugarte Peña P., Yuste I., De Rojas Román J., Vallés J., Esteban E., Quintana Tort-Martorell E., Moreno M., López Ciudad V., Manzano Ramirez A., Sánchez-Olmedo J., Borges M., Amador Amerigo J., Guerrero Gomez F., Montejo González J., Sirvent J., Pujol I., Mesalles Sanjuan E., Barcenilla-Gaite F., Serrano N., Cerdá E., Lesmes Serrano A., Garcia-Fuentes C., Macias Pingarrón J., Espinosa E., Sanchez Garcia M., Felices F., de la Torre-Prados M., Maria Jesus H., Luis V., Jara R., Briones Lopez M., Posada P., Galvan B., Mariscal F., Rello J., Gil B., Sierra R., Rico-Feijoo J., Izura J., González J., Soto Ibáñez J., Agabani H., Petersen P., Johansson L., Blomqvist H., Peterzén B., Wyon N., Lindström I., Paulsson A., Agvald-Ohman C., Petersson J., Friberg H., Einar V., Hammarskjöld F., Schindele M., Arvidsson S., Sellgren S., Hulting J., Häggqvist J., Rudenstam J., Lind D., Kokinsky E., Owall A., Jacobson S., Stiernstrom H., Nydahl A., Eggimann P., Stocker R., Loderer G., Loetscher R., Heer K., Zender H., Cottini S., Pagnamenta A., Eich G., Felleiter P., Marco M., Pugin J., Shu-Hui W., Hsieh K., Toomtong P., Khwannimit B., Kietdumrongwong P., Khaldi A., Messadi A., Labbene I., Frikha N., Atalan K., Ates C., Kahveci A., Ozgencil E., Kizilkaya M., Bosnak M., Bodur H., Akan M., Guven M., Turkoglu M., Topeli A., Togal T., Uzel N., Akinci I., Cakar N., Tugrul S., Demirkiran O., Adanir T., Dogruer K., Turkmen A., Guven H., Ulger F., Kocak S., Nalapko Y., Nalapko Y., Rady S., Alsabbah A., Elahi N., Al rahma H., Rahman M., Kashef S., Cuthbertson B., Gunning K., Myint Y., Bewley J., Burnstein R., Haji-Michael P., Wrathall D., Folan L., Nesbitt I., Ratnaparkhi A., Pambakian S., Booth M., Watters M., Sherry T., Buehner U., Barrera Groba C., Bothma P., George N., Frater J., Hollos L., Mclellan S., Hunter J., Garrioch M., O'Keeffe N., Divekar N., Eggert S., Smith S., Vincent A., Withington P., Macmillan C., Webster R., Vuylsteke A., Appadu B., Barrera groba C., McQuillan P., Blunt M., Parekh N., William D., Jones C., Krige A., Schuster-Bruce M., Boyden J., Boulanger C., Swann D., Walker J., Wigmore T., Law R., Baldwin F., Muench C., Robinson S., Crerar-Gilbert A., Rhodes A., Mahambrey T., Cameron L., Thornton J., Stotz M., Russell M., Longmate A., Kitson R., Browne B., Thorniley A., Gonzalez I., Swart M., Singer M., Gautam N., Prasad V., Watson D., Szakmany T., Cardy J., Binning A., Loveland R., Gannon J., Martinelli G., Nightingale P., Howes J., Steingrub J., Ammons L., Fisher M., Gandhi N., Martin G., Deutschman C., Dean N., Michetti C., Belzberg H., Hutchinson K., Van der kloot T., Afessa B., Kaufman D., Iqbal J., Ost D., Afifi S., West M., Wunderink R., Stein S., Hagg D., Jimenez E., Blosser S., Chhangani S., Kleinpell R., Reich H., Fields E., Willms D., Castellanos-Mateus P., Melnik L., Oud L., Chi E., Halfon R., Badr A., Restrepo M., Castellanos-Mateus P., Pohlman A., Branson R., Simpson S., Kett D., Jacobs T., Park P., Wahl W., Patricia C., Hammersley J., Papadimos T., Sawyer R., Freire A., Rodriguez W., Ryan A., Margolis B., Groth M., Escanda H., Baraibar J., Paciel D., Bagnulo H., Hitta F., Nadales P., Albornoz H., Salmen Z., Pacheco C., Bui T., Potie F., Nguyen Huu C.
ISSN
0090-3493
ISSN-L
1530-0293 (Electronic)
Publication state
Published
Issued date
2011
Peer-reviewed
Oui
Volume
39
Number
4
Pages
665-670
Language
english
Notes
Publication types: Journal Article Publication Status: ppublish
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To provide a global, up-to-date picture of the prevalence, treatment, and outcomes of Candida bloodstream infections in intensive care unit patients and compare Candida with bacterial bloodstream infection.
DESIGN: A retrospective analysis of the Extended Prevalence of Infection in the ICU Study (EPIC II). Demographic, physiological, infection-related and therapeutic data were collected. Patients were grouped as having Candida, Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and combined Candida/bacterial bloodstream infection. Outcome data were assessed at intensive care unit and hospital discharge.
SETTING: EPIC II included 1265 intensive care units in 76 countries.
PATIENTS: Patients in participating intensive care units on study day.
INTERVENTIONS: None.
MEASUREMENT AND MAIN RESULTS: Of the 14,414 patients in EPIC II, 99 patients had Candida bloodstream infections for a prevalence of 6.9 per 1000 patients. Sixty-one patients had candidemia alone and 38 patients had combined bloodstream infections. Candida albicans (n = 70) was the predominant species. Primary therapy included monotherapy with fluconazole (n = 39), caspofungin (n = 16), and a polyene-based product (n = 12). Combination therapy was infrequently used (n = 10). Compared with patients with Gram-positive (n = 420) and Gram-negative (n = 264) bloodstream infections, patients with candidemia were more likely to have solid tumors (p < .05) and appeared to have been in an intensive care unit longer (14 days [range, 5-25 days], 8 days [range, 3-20 days], and 10 days [range, 2-23 days], respectively), but this difference was not statistically significant. Severity of illness and organ dysfunction scores were similar between groups. Patients with Candida bloodstream infections, compared with patients with Gram-positive and Gram-negative bloodstream infections, had the greatest crude intensive care unit mortality rates (42.6%, 25.3%, and 29.1%, respectively) and longer intensive care unit lengths of stay (median [interquartile range]) (33 days [18-44], 20 days [9-43], and 21 days [8-46], respectively); however, these differences were not statistically significant.
CONCLUSION: Candidemia remains a significant problem in intensive care units patients. In the EPIC II population, Candida albicans was the most common organism and fluconazole remained the predominant antifungal agent used. Candida bloodstream infections are associated with high intensive care unit and hospital mortality rates and resource use.
DESIGN: A retrospective analysis of the Extended Prevalence of Infection in the ICU Study (EPIC II). Demographic, physiological, infection-related and therapeutic data were collected. Patients were grouped as having Candida, Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and combined Candida/bacterial bloodstream infection. Outcome data were assessed at intensive care unit and hospital discharge.
SETTING: EPIC II included 1265 intensive care units in 76 countries.
PATIENTS: Patients in participating intensive care units on study day.
INTERVENTIONS: None.
MEASUREMENT AND MAIN RESULTS: Of the 14,414 patients in EPIC II, 99 patients had Candida bloodstream infections for a prevalence of 6.9 per 1000 patients. Sixty-one patients had candidemia alone and 38 patients had combined bloodstream infections. Candida albicans (n = 70) was the predominant species. Primary therapy included monotherapy with fluconazole (n = 39), caspofungin (n = 16), and a polyene-based product (n = 12). Combination therapy was infrequently used (n = 10). Compared with patients with Gram-positive (n = 420) and Gram-negative (n = 264) bloodstream infections, patients with candidemia were more likely to have solid tumors (p < .05) and appeared to have been in an intensive care unit longer (14 days [range, 5-25 days], 8 days [range, 3-20 days], and 10 days [range, 2-23 days], respectively), but this difference was not statistically significant. Severity of illness and organ dysfunction scores were similar between groups. Patients with Candida bloodstream infections, compared with patients with Gram-positive and Gram-negative bloodstream infections, had the greatest crude intensive care unit mortality rates (42.6%, 25.3%, and 29.1%, respectively) and longer intensive care unit lengths of stay (median [interquartile range]) (33 days [18-44], 20 days [9-43], and 21 days [8-46], respectively); however, these differences were not statistically significant.
CONCLUSION: Candidemia remains a significant problem in intensive care units patients. In the EPIC II population, Candida albicans was the most common organism and fluconazole remained the predominant antifungal agent used. Candida bloodstream infections are associated with high intensive care unit and hospital mortality rates and resource use.
Keywords
Aged, Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use, Candida albicans, Candidiasis/drug therapy, Candidiasis/epidemiology, Cross Infection/drug therapy, Cross Infection/epidemiology, Echinocandins/therapeutic use, Female, Fluconazole/therapeutic use, Humans, Intensive Care Units/statistics & numerical data, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Retrospective Studies, Sepsis/drug therapy, Sepsis/epidemiology
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06/02/2012 17:36
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20/08/2019 15:38
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