<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>
<jats:p>Humans are exposed to multiple stressors via various exposure routes and sources, among which occupational settings. While traditional exposure assessments focus on single chemicals or routes, combined exposures are increasingly being considered focusing on more than one source or route. An aggregated exposure assessment approach is necessary to encompass all the different sources and routes through which a single chemical may originate, from both the occupational and non-occupational environments.</jats:p>
<jats:p>Currently, there is a lack of a standardized methodology or guidance for conducting aggregated exposure assessment at a population level which consists of occupational and non-occupational exposures. It can be challenging to integrate the current occupational exposure assessment approaches with the general life exposures. Occupational aggregated exposure assessment can be conducted quantitatively based on specific work scenarios or tasks, to ensure compliance with safety regulations. Additionally, population level assessments of occupational aggregated exposures, often qualitative in nature, can be conducted to explore exposure-disease relationships in epidemiological studies. In order to incorporate occupational with non-occupational aggregated exposures, a combination the two occupational approaches (scenario-based with population-based) into a semi-quantitative population level assessment reflecting the same scale will enable an aggregated exposure assessment for the entire working population.</jats:p>
<jats:p>This combination of occupational approaches is illustrated by three different case studies performed under the PARC initiative. Aggregated occupational exposure is modelled for PFAS, pyrethroids and metals (cadmium and chromium), and plasticizers.</jats:p>