Post-stroke aphasia recovery is multifactorial and results from a complex equation between four types of interrelated factors : a) neurobiological factors, such as lesion size and location, but also to some extent the neural reserve in undamaged brain areas ; b) behavioral factors, mostly related to the initial severity of stroke symptoms ; c) personal factors, such as age and gender, that remain however poorly investigated and debated and d) therapeutic factors, related to medical endovascular interventions and to speech and language therapy. Future studies are crucial to determine more precisely the weight and the interaction of these factors in the recovery process of post-stroke aphasia.