Thirty years after the first described AIDS case, fifteen years after the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy, miracles continue. 2011 has seen important developments, notably in the fields of prevention and of antiretroviral treatment. Condoms are no longer the only way of preventing sexually transmitted HIV: antiretroviral drugs used by HIV-negative individuals (to prevent HIV acquisition) or by HIV-infected individuals (to prevent transmission) are efficient new tools for such prevention. In parallel, new one pill once daily combination therapies have been submitted (or are in the process of being submitted) to regulatory authorities. Finally, the first phase I clinical trials of gene therapy are being presented later this year, allowing the hope of HIV cure.