Arthritis and arthralgia during a viral infection are often polyarticular and symmetric and can mimic rheumatoid arthritis. Depending on germs, others signs and symptoms as fever, cutaneous rash (Parvovirus B19) or jaundice (hepatitis) can be present. Worldwide most common germs are Parvovirus B19, hepatitis B and C, HIV and alphavirus. There are significant differences throughout the world and epidemiology continues to evolve with a progression of vector-borne infections. Diagnosis of viral arthritis is often difficult and is based on epidemiological, clinical and serological data.