In the last century, longer female life expectancy has implied that women now live a third of their lives beyond the end of their ovarian function, increasing the need for new therapeutic strategies to facilitate successful aging (defined as low probability of disease), high cognitive and physical abilities, and active engagement in life. The incidence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and psychiatric and degenerative brain diseases, especially stroke and dementia, is more frequently seen in older people. Each of these conditions can, separately or in combination, results in similar signs and symptoms of cognition, memory, mood, and motor function disorders.