[...] The objective of this study was to compare costs and efficacy of two different drug regimens in a Swiss hospital setting throughout the first year after renal transplantation: a new combined immunosuppressive and anti-infectious regimen and usual immunosuppression with anti-infectious prophylaxis reserved to high-risk patients. Thus, the main difference between the two drug regimens is the universal use of CMV [cytomegalovirus] prophylaxis for all patients. Applying the local cost structure, we compared resource use and direct short term costs associated with both hospital and outpatient care. We compared both regimens in terms of clinical outcomes, measured as the number of acute rejections and CMV infection episodes and related costs to clinical outcomes. [...] [Auteure p. 1-2]