Description: The focus of trade policy has shifted from economy-wide reductions in import tariffs and other border restrictions towards targeted interventions designed to facilitate trade and promote exports. Most of these interventions are based on the new mantra of "aid-for-trade" rather than on any hard evidence regarding what does and does not work. Rigorous impact-evaluation is needed to justify these interventions and to improve their design. At the same time rigorous impact-evaluation is feasible because unlike traditional trade policy, these interventions tend to be targeted and so it is possible to construct treatment and control groups. Even in the case of non-targeted interventions, such as customs reforms, meaningful evaluation may still be possible even though randomized control trials may not be feasible. The book presents a rich set of examples of impact evaluations of trade-related assistance using a range of methods - including experimental, quasi-experimental, and "natural experiments" - highlighting the particular issues and caveats arising in a trade context, and the valuable lessons that are already being learnt. Systematically building impact evaluation into trade projects could lead to better policy design and a more credible case for "aid-for-trade".