Cardiovascular (CV) diseases are still one of the most important -killers in developed countries. In the last 40 years, great progresses have been achieved in recognizing and treating these diseases and their underlying risk factors. Risk assessment models using tradi-tional risk factors estimate the probability of a cardiovascular event in most cases and drive preventive treatment. However, these risk assessment models have weaknesses, and it is estimated that about 30 % of cardiovascular events are related to undetected risks. Many surrogate parameters have been investigated and have the potential to better predict CV risk beyond classical risk factors. The aim of this article is to assess the value of measuring the intima-media thickness and the detection of atheroma of the carotid and femoral bifurcation by ultrasound.