Strengthening the immunity of the Swiss population with micronutrients: A narrative review and call for action.

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State: Public
Version: Final published version
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Serval ID
serval:BIB_176ABAF93F63
Type
Article: article from journal or magazin.
Publication sub-type
Review (review): journal as complete as possible of one specific subject, written based on exhaustive analyses from published work.
Collection
Publications
Institution
Title
Strengthening the immunity of the Swiss population with micronutrients: A narrative review and call for action.
Journal
Clinical nutrition ESPEN
Author(s)
Berger M.M., Herter-Aeberli I., Zimmermann M.B., Spieldenner J., Eggersdorfer M.
ISSN
2405-4577 (Electronic)
ISSN-L
2405-4577
Publication state
Published
Issued date
06/2021
Peer-reviewed
Oui
Volume
43
Pages
39-48
Language
english
Notes
Publication types: Journal Article ; Review
Publication Status: ppublish
Abstract
The enormous health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has refocused attention on measures to optimize immune function and vaccine response. Dietary deficiencies of micronutrients can weaken adaptive immunity. The aim of this review was to examine links between micronutrients, immune function and COVID-19 infection, with a focus on nutritional risks in subgroups of the Swiss population.
Scoping review on the associations between selected micronutrients (vitamins D and C, iron, selenium, zinc, and n-3 PUFAs) and immunity, with particular reference to the Swiss population. These nutrients were chosen because previous EFSA reviews have concluded they play a key role in immunity.
The review discusses the available knowledge on links between sufficient nutrient status, optimal immune function, and prevention of respiratory tract infections. Because of the rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, controlled intervention studies of micronutrients in the context of COVID-19 infection are now underway, but evidence is not yet available to draw conclusions. The anti-inflammatory properties of n-3 PUFAs are well established. In Switzerland, several subgroups of the population are at clear risk of nutrient deficiencies; e.g., older adults, multiple comorbidities, obesity, pregnancy, and institutionalized. Low intakes of n-3 PUFA are present in a large proportion of the population.
There are clear and strong relationships between micronutrient and n-3 PUFA status and immune function, and subgroups of the Swiss population are at risk for deficient intakes. Therefore, during the COVID-19 pandemic, as a complement to a healthy and balanced diet, it may be prudent to consider supplementation with a combination of moderate doses of Vitamins C and D, as well as of Se, Zn and n-3 PUFA, in risk groups.
Keywords
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology, Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use, Ascorbic Acid/pharmacology, Ascorbic Acid/therapeutic use, COVID-19/immunology, Comorbidity, Dietary Supplements, Fatty Acids, Omega-3/pharmacology, Fatty Acids, Omega-3/therapeutic use, Female, Humans, Immunologic Factors/pharmacology, Immunologic Factors/therapeutic use, Male, Micronutrients/pharmacology, Micronutrients/therapeutic use, Nutritional Status, Pandemics, Pregnancy, SARS-CoV-2, Selenium/pharmacology, Selenium/therapeutic use, Switzerland, Trace Elements/pharmacology, Trace Elements/therapeutic use, Vitamin D/pharmacology, Vitamin D/therapeutic use, Vitamins/pharmacology, Vitamins/therapeutic use, Zinc/pharmacology, Zinc/therapeutic use, COVID-19 Drug Treatment, Deficiency, Immunity, Iron, Nutrition, Selenium, Vitamin D, Zinc n-3 PUFA
Pubmed
Web of science
Open Access
Yes
Create date
31/05/2021 7:48
Last modification date
09/08/2024 14:53
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