An FMRI study of the effects of psychostimulants on default-mode processing during Stroop task performance in youths with ADHD.
Details
Serval ID
serval:BIB_115B454CD4F5
Type
Article: article from journal or magazin.
Collection
Publications
Institution
Title
An FMRI study of the effects of psychostimulants on default-mode processing during Stroop task performance in youths with ADHD.
Journal
The American journal of psychiatry
ISSN
1535-7228 (Electronic)
ISSN-L
0002-953X
Publication state
Published
Issued date
11/2009
Peer-reviewed
Oui
Volume
166
Number
11
Pages
1286-1294
Language
english
Notes
Publication types: Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Publication Status: ppublish
Publication Status: ppublish
Abstract
The authors examined the effect of psychostimulants on brain activity in children and adolescents with ADHD performing the Stroop Color and Word Test.
The authors acquired 52 functional MRI scans in 16 youths with ADHD who were known responders to stimulant medication and 20 healthy comparison youths. Participants with ADHD were scanned on and off medication in a counterbalanced design, and comparison subjects were scanned once without medication.
Stimulant medication significantly improved suppression of default-mode activity in the ventral anterior cingulate cortex in the ADHD group. When off medication, youths with ADHD were unable to suppress default-mode activity to the same degree as comparison subjects, whereas when on medication, they suppressed this activity to comparison group levels. Greater activation of the lateral prefrontal cortex when off medication predicted a greater reduction in ADHD symptoms when on medication. Granger causality analyses demonstrated that activity in the lateral prefrontal and ventral anterior cingulate cortices mutually influenced one another but that the influence of the ventral anterior cingulate cortex on the lateral prefrontal cortex was significantly reduced in youths with ADHD off medication relative to comparison subjects and increased significantly to normal levels when ADHD youths were on medication.
Psychostimulants in youths with ADHD improved suppression of default-mode activity in the ventral anterior cingulate and posterior cingulate cortices, components of a circuit in which activity has been shown to correlate with the degree of mind-wandering during attentional tasks. Stimulants seem to improve symptoms in youths with ADHD by normalizing activity within this circuit and improving its functional interactions with the lateral prefrontal cortex.
The authors acquired 52 functional MRI scans in 16 youths with ADHD who were known responders to stimulant medication and 20 healthy comparison youths. Participants with ADHD were scanned on and off medication in a counterbalanced design, and comparison subjects were scanned once without medication.
Stimulant medication significantly improved suppression of default-mode activity in the ventral anterior cingulate cortex in the ADHD group. When off medication, youths with ADHD were unable to suppress default-mode activity to the same degree as comparison subjects, whereas when on medication, they suppressed this activity to comparison group levels. Greater activation of the lateral prefrontal cortex when off medication predicted a greater reduction in ADHD symptoms when on medication. Granger causality analyses demonstrated that activity in the lateral prefrontal and ventral anterior cingulate cortices mutually influenced one another but that the influence of the ventral anterior cingulate cortex on the lateral prefrontal cortex was significantly reduced in youths with ADHD off medication relative to comparison subjects and increased significantly to normal levels when ADHD youths were on medication.
Psychostimulants in youths with ADHD improved suppression of default-mode activity in the ventral anterior cingulate and posterior cingulate cortices, components of a circuit in which activity has been shown to correlate with the degree of mind-wandering during attentional tasks. Stimulants seem to improve symptoms in youths with ADHD by normalizing activity within this circuit and improving its functional interactions with the lateral prefrontal cortex.
Keywords
Adolescent, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/drug therapy, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/physiopathology, Central Nervous System Stimulants/pharmacology, Central Nervous System Stimulants/therapeutic use, Child, Female, Functional Laterality/drug effects, Functional Laterality/physiology, Gyrus Cinguli/drug effects, Gyrus Cinguli/physiopathology, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging/statistics & numerical data, Male, Neural Pathways/drug effects, Neural Pathways/physiopathology, Neuropsychological Tests/statistics & numerical data, Prefrontal Cortex/drug effects, Prefrontal Cortex/physiopathology
Pubmed
Web of science
Create date
21/02/2019 10:45
Last modification date
20/08/2019 13:38