Secondary effects of catalytic diesel particulate filters: copper-induced formation of PCDD/Fs.
Details
Serval ID
serval:BIB_006CC3C29ACD
Type
Article: article from journal or magazin.
Collection
Publications
Institution
Title
Secondary effects of catalytic diesel particulate filters: copper-induced formation of PCDD/Fs.
Journal
Environmental science & technology
ISSN
0013-936X
Publication state
Published
Issued date
08/2007
Peer-reviewed
Oui
Volume
41
Number
16
Pages
5789-5794
Language
english
Notes
Publication types: Journal Article
Abstract
Potential risks of a secondary formation of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs) were assessed for two cordierite-based, wall-through diesel particulate filters (DPFs) for which soot combustion was either catalyzed with an iron- or a copper-based fuel additive. A heavy duty diesel engine was used as test platform, applying the eight-stage ISO 8178/4 C1 cycle. DPF applications neither affected the engine performance, nor did they increase NO, NO2, CO, and CO2 emissions. The latter is a metric for fuel consumption. THC emissions decreased by about 40% when deploying DPFs. PCDD/F emissions, with a focus on tetra- to octachlorinated congeners, were compared under standard and worst case conditions (enhanced chlorine uptake). The iron-catalyzed DPF neither increased PCDD/F emissions, nor did it change the congener pattern, even when traces of chlorine became available. In case of copper, PCDD/F emissions increased by up to 3 orders of magnitude from 22 to 200 to 12 700 pg I-TEQ/L with fuels of < 2, 14, and 110 microg/g chlorine, respectively. Mainly lower chlorinated DD/Fs were formed. Based on these substantial effects on PCDD/F emissions, the copper-catalyzed DPF system was not approved for workplace applications, whereas the iron system fulfilled all the specifications of the Swiss procedures for DPF approval (VERT).
Keywords
Benzofurans/chemical synthesis, Benzofurans/chemistry, Catalysis, Copper/chemistry, Filtration, Gases/analysis, Gasoline, Motor Vehicles, Particulate Matter/chemistry, Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin/analogs &, derivatives, Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin/chemical synthesis, Vehicle Emissions/analysis
Pubmed
Web of science
Create date
24/01/2008 13:11
Last modification date
20/08/2019 12:22